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Dietary share of ultra-processed foods and its association with vitamin E biomarkers in Brazilian lactating women
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- Natália C. M. Amorim, Ana G. C. L. da Silva, Amanda S. Rebouças, Danielle S. Bezerra, Mayara S. R. Lima, Jeane F. Pires Medeiros, Laura Camila P. Liberalino, Roberto Dimenstein, Karla D. da S. Ribeiro
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 127 / Issue 8 / 28 April 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 June 2021, pp. 1224-1231
- Print publication:
- 28 April 2022
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- Article
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Despite evidence showing that the intake of ultra-processed food has a negative impact on health, diet quality and dietary vitamin E, its impact on vitamin E nutritional status and breast milk remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on vitamin E biomarkers of lactating women. A cross-sectional study was performed with 294 lactating women. Food consumption was obtained by 24-h dietary recall, and foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. Levels of α-tocopherol were analysed by HPLC. Breast milk vitamin E (BMVE) adequacy was based on the quantity of the vitamin in the estimated intake volume. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the tertiles and linear regression to association between ultra-processed food consumption and biomarkers. Ultra-processed foods accounted for 16 % of energy intake and vitamin E intakes by all women were considered low. Serum α-tocopherol was 26·55 (sd 7·98) µmol/l, 5 % (n 11) showed inadequate vitamin E (< 12 µmol/l) and 78 % had an inadequate BMVE content (< 4 mg/780 ml). The regression showed that a higher dietary share of ultra-processed foods was associated with lower concentrations of serum α-tocopherol (β = –0·168, 95 % CI –0·047, 0·010, P = 0·003) and inadequate BMVE content (β = –0·144, 95 % CI = –0·505, 0·063, P = 0·012) (adjustment for income and maternal age). Thus, higher dietary shares of ultra-processed foods had an impact on vitamin E biomarkers, suggesting that inadequate dietary intake practices during lactation may reduce the supply of vitamin E to women and breast milk.
1 - Stroke: background, epidemiology, etiology and avoiding recurrence
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- By Gabriel R. de Freitas, Rua Mario Pedermeiras 55 206-I, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 2261-060, Brazil, Daniel C. Bezerra, Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Alexandre B. Maulaz, Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Julien Bogousslavsky, Division de Neuropsychologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
- Edited by Michael P. Barnes, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Bruce H. Dobkin, University of California, Los Angeles, Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
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- Book:
- Recovery after Stroke
- Published online:
- 05 August 2016
- Print publication:
- 10 March 2005, pp 1-46
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Summary
Epidemiology
The impact of stroke
In both the developing and developed countries, the burden of stroke is enormous. Stroke was responsible for 1 in every 15 deaths in the USA in 2001 and, on average, every three minutes someone dies from a stroke (American Heart Association, 2004). Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the third in developed countries (Murray and Lopez, 1997; Sarti et al., 2000). In 2002, there were more than 5.47 million deaths from cerebrovascular disease worldwide (World Health Organization [WHO], 2003a).
However, stroke is more disabling than lethal, with at least 30% of the survivors making a incomplete recovery and a further 20% requiring assistance for activities of daily living (Bonita et al., 1997). Cerebrovascular diseases are the first cause of serious long-term disability in the USA (American Heart Association, 2004) and the second worldwide in individuals more than 60 years of age (WHO, 2003a). In addition, the psychosocial burden of caregiving should be mentioned. The long-term caregivers of people with stroke more frequently complain of restraints in social life, uncertainty about care needs, constant worries, and feelings of heavy responsibility. A lower quality of life, as well as an increased prevalence of depression, was also found among stroke caregivers (Morimoto et al., 2003).
Finally, because stroke is a leading cause of lost years and disability, it has a very high economic cost. Although the cost may vary according to the type (Bergman et al., 1995; Taylor et al., 1996; Payne et al., 2002) (e.g. hemorrhagic vs. ischemic) and severity of stroke (Caro et al., 2000), the mean lifetime cost for ischemic stroke (IS) including inpatient care, rehabilitation and follow-up is expected to be at US$ 140, 048, and the estimated direct and indirect cost of stroke in the USA for 2004 is US$ 53.6 billion (Taylor et al., 1996; American Heart Association, 2004).
Secular trends in stroke mortality
The mortality from stroke has been clearly changing over time. In the USA, it is estimated that between 1915 and 1968 strokemortality has decreased approximately 1.5% per year, probably as a result of improvements in general public health and nutritional status of the citizens (Wolf and D'Agostino, 1998).